Preoperative Natriuretic Peptides in Noncardiac Surgery When and How to Use for Cardiac Risk Evaluation
Main Article Content
Keywords
Perioperative medicine, Natriuretic Peptides, noncardiac surgery
Abstract
Cardiac risk evaluation is a central component of most preoperative evaluation of adults undergoing noncardiac surgery. Many tools are available for preoperative cardiac assessment including cardiac risk scores, electrocardiogram, cardiac imaging, and cardiac stress tests. Biomarkers, and more specifically natriuretic peptides, have also been found to provide additional value for preoperative cardiac risk stratification and their routine use in at-risk patients have been recommended in recent perioperative guidelines.
RÉSUMÉ
L'évaluation des risques cardiaques est un élément central de la plupart des évaluations préopératoires des adultes subissant une chirurgie non cardiaque. De nombreux outils sont disponibles pour l'évaluation cardiaque préopératoire, notamment les scores de risque cardiaque, l'électrocardiogramme, l'imagerie cardiaque et les tests d'effort cardiaque. On a également constaté que les biomarqueurs, et plus particulièrement les peptides natriurétiques, apportent une valeur supplémentaire pour la stratification du risque cardiaque préopératoire et leur utilisation systématique chez les patients à risque a été recommandée dans de récentes lignes directrices périopératoires
References
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2. Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, et al. 2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: Cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac surgery: Cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014;31:517–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000000150
3. de Bold AJ, Borenstein HB, Veress AT, Sonnenberg H. A rapid and potent natriuretic response to intravenous injection of atrial myocardial extract in rats. Life Sci. 1981;28:89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(81)90370-2
4. Clerico A, Giannoni A, Vittorini S, Passino C. Thirty years of the heart as an endocrine organ: Physiological role and clinical utility of cardiac natriuretic hormones. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011;301:H12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00226.2011
5. Goetze JP. Biosynthesis of cardiac natriuretic peptides. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2010;50:97–120.
6. Mansour AE, Abdelsamad AA, El Arman MM. Prognostic value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Egypt J Chest Dis Tubercul. 2012;61:297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcdt.2012.09.009
7. Schou M, Dalsgaard MK, Clemmesen O, et al. Kidneys extract BNP and NT-proBNP in healthy young men. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;99:1676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00641.2005
8. Goetze JP, Kastrup J, Rehfeld JF. The paradox of increased natriuretic hormones in congestive heart failure patients: Does the endocrine heart also fail in heart failure? Eur Heart J. 2003;24:1471–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00283-5
9. Liang F, Gardner DG. Mechanical strain activates BNP gene transcription through a p38/NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest. 1999;104:1603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI7362
10. Van der Bent V, Church DJ, Vallotton MB, et al. [Ca2+]i and protein kinase C in vasopressin-induced prostacyclin and ANP release in rat cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol. 1994;266:H597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.2.H597
11. Hanford DS, Thuerauf DJ, Murray SF, Glembotski CC. Brain natriuretic peptide is induced by alpha 1-adrenergic agonists as a primary response gene in cultured rat cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:26227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47183-9
12. Suzuki E, Hirata Y, Kohmoto O, et al. Cellular mechanisms for synthesis and secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in cultured rat atrial cells. Circ Res. 1992;71:1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.71.5.1039
13. Ma KK, Ogawa T, de Bold AJ. Selective upregulation of cardiac brain natriuretic peptide at the transcriptional and translational levels by pro-inflammatory cytokines and by conditioned medium derived from mixed lymphocyte reactions via p38 MAP kinase. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2004;36:505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.01.001
14. Bai G, Gao S, Shah A, Yuan K, Park WH, Kim SH. Regulation of ANP secretion from isolated atria by prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase-2. Peptides. 2009;30:1720–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2009.06.011
15. Matsubara H, Hirata Y, Yoshimi H, et al. Effects of steroid and thyroid hormones on synthesis of atrial natriuretic peptide by cultured atrial myocytes of rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987;145:336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(87)91326-X
16. Maffei S, Del Ry S, Prontera C, Clerico A. Increase in circulating levels of cardiac natriuretic peptides after hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Clin Sci (Lond). 2001;101:447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1010447
17. Lam CSP, Cheng S, Choong K, et al. Influence of sex and hormone status on circulating natriuretic peptides. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.042
18. Calderone A, Bel-Hadj S, Drapeau J, et al. Scar myofibroblasts of the infarcted rat heart express natriuretic peptides. J Cell Physiol. 2006;207:165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.20548
19. Park SJ, Choi JH, Cho SJ, et al. Comparison of transthoracic echocardiography with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic Peptide as a tool for risk stratification of patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Korean Circ J. 2011;41:505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2011.41.9.505
20. Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1999;100:1043–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.100.10.1043
21. Beattie WS, Abdelnaem E, Wijeysundera DN, Buckley DN. A meta-analytic comparison of preoperative stress echocardiography and nuclear scintigraphy imaging. Anesth Analg. 2006;102:8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000189614.98906.43
22. Sheth T, Chan M, Butler C, et al. Prognostic capabilities of coronary computed tomographic angiography before non-cardiac surgery: Prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2015;350:h1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h1907
23. McFalls EO, Ward HB, Moritz TE, et al. Coronary-artery revascularization before elective major vascular surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041905
24. Illuminati G, Schneider F, Greco C, et al. Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial analyzing the role of systematic pre-operative coronary angiography before elective carotid endarterectomy in patients with asymptomatic coronary artery disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2015;49:366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.12.030
25. Ryding AD, Kumar S, Worthington AM, Burgess D. Prognostic value of brain natriuretic peptide in noncardiac surgery: A meta-analysis. Anesthesiology. 2009;111:311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181aaeb11
26. Karthikeyan G, Moncur RA, Levine O, et al. Is a pre-operative brain natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide measurement an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes within 30 days of noncardiac surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.028
27. Rodseth RN, Padayachee L, Biccard BM. A meta-analysis of the utility of pre-operative brain natriuretic peptide in predicting early and intermediate-term mortality and major adverse cardiac events in vascular surgical patients. Anaesthesia. 2008;63:1226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05574.x
28. Rodseth RN, Biccard BM, Le Manach Y, et al. The prognostic value of pre-operative and post-operative B-type natriuretic peptides in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.1630
29. Duceppe E, Patel A, Chan MTV, et al. Preoperative N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and cardiovascular events after noncardiac surgery: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172:96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M19-2501
30. Wijeysundera DN, Pearse RM, Shulman MA, et al. Assessment of functional capacity before major non-cardiac surgery: An international, prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2018;391:2631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31131-0
31. Canadian Anesthesiology Society. Choosing Wisely Canada—Five things physicians and patients should question. 2018.
32. Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e77–137.
33. Gualandro DM, Yu PC, Caramelli B, et al. 3rd guideline for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017;109:1–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/abc.20170140
34. Société Suisse d’Anesthésiologie et de Réanimation. Evaluation cardiaque périopératoire et traitement en amont des interventions chirurgicales non cardiaques. Forum Med Suisse. 2018;18:1078–80.
35. Taylor KS, Verbakel JY, Feakins BG, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care natriuretic peptide testing for chronic heart failure in ambulatory care: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2018;361:k1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1450
36. Weber M, Hamm C. Role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP in clinical routine. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2006;92:843–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2005.071233
37. Paget V, Legedz L, Gaudebout N, et al. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: A powerful predictor of mortality in hypertension. Hypertension. 2011;57:702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.163550
38. Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Nielsen OW, et al. N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide predicted cardiovascular events stronger than high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in hypertension: A LIFE substudy. J Hypertens. 2006;24:1531–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000239288.10013.04
39. Leuchte HH, Holzapfel M, Baumgartner RA, et al. Clinical significance of brain natriuretic peptide in primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.051
40. Oswald-Mammosser M, Weitzenblum E, Quoix E, et al. Prognostic factors in COPD patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy. Importance of pulmonary artery pressure. Chest. 1995;107:1193–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.107.5.1193
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Mar 16, 2021
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Duceppe E, Durand M. Preoperative Natriuretic Peptides in Noncardiac Surgery: When and How to Use for Cardiac Risk Evaluation. Can Journ Gen Int Med [Internet]. 2021 Mar. 16 [cited 2023 Nov. 28];16(SP1):43-9. Available from: https://www.cjgim.ca/index.php/csim/article/view/533
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Author Biographies
Emmanuelle Duceppe, Universite de Montreal
Department of Medicine at the Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Madeleine Durand, Universite de Montreal
Department of Medicine at the Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada